Cách Dùng Câu Bị Động Trong Tiếng Anh

Với những ai mới bước vào dịch thuật thì việc chuyển một câu bị động sang một câu tiếng Việt thật êm tai cũng là cả vấn đề đáng quan tâm. Vậy nên trước khi có một việc làm tại dịch vụ dịch thuật bạn đừng quên sử dụng câu bị động sao cho nhuần nhuyễn đừng dịch tiếng Anh sát nghĩa sang tiếng Việt ở câu bị động nhé. còn bây giờ hãy cùng ôn lại câu trúc câu bị động nào.

1. Cấu trúc của câu bị động trong các THÌ – The passive voice in various tenses

Câu chủ động                               S + V_transitive + D.O

Chuyển sang câu bị động sẽ thành S + BE + past  participle + By + O

Hãy xem những ví dụ về câu chủ đông và bị động nào

Eg:1) They repaint their house

          Their house is repainted
          Their house was being repainted
          Their house had to be repainted
          Their house was repainted
          Their house will be repainted
          Their house have been repainted

      2) They are repainting their house

          They are going to repaint
          They are begin to repaint
          They are going to have to repaint
          They are should repaint
          They are need to repaint

Khi chuyển sang câu bị động sẽ thành

           Their house is being repainted
          Their house is going to be repainted
          Their house begins to be repainted
          Their house is going to have to be repainted
          Their house should be repainted
          Their house need to be repainted = need repainting

2. Các dạng cấu trúc của câu bị động – The passive voice in various forms

Forms : – Infinitive passive : to be past.part  (S + V + tobe + past participle)

              – Gerund passive: being past.part

                                       S + V_transitive + Gerund
                                      S + Expression + Gerund    

              –  Perfect passive : having been pp = ( prior action)

        Eg: He (admit) to a university (1)
              He was admitted

               She (admit) to the graduation ceremony (2)
              She is admitted the graduation ceremony

               The children (shout)  at
              The children are shouted at

  (1)(3)(2) Transitive verb without D.O

               He was happy to be admitted
              He wished to be admitted
              He anticipated being admitted
              He was proud of being admitted

               – Perfect passive: – past.part ( simultaneous action)
                                      – having been p.p ( peror action)

Eg:    She is advited to the graduation ceremony, she feels happy ( same tense)

            Invited to the graduation ceremony, she feels happy

            He was admitted to a university, he is very content
            Having being admitted to a university, he is very content

            I object to the children’s being shouted at
            The children dislike being shouted at
            I don’t want the children to be shouted at ( D.O)
            The children don’t want to be shouted at

3. Những trường hợp đặc biệt trong câu bị động (Special cases

a. Câu bị động dạng câu hỏi

             Yes/No question: Inversion of S and V?
            Wh question: QW (S) + VF? or QW( not S) + inversion of S + V

      Eg:Will they vote him president?
              Who broke the vase ?
              Who(m) does she teach for exam ?
              How many students are attending the course?
              They make him give the money
              Someone found the homeless man lying dead an the street?
              No one saw she leave the house
                Negative saw she leaving the house

Khi chuyển sang câu bị động sẽ thành

                Will him be voted president?

                The vase was broken by whom?

                Who is taught by her for exam?

               The course is being attended by how many students?

             How many students will they choose for the contest?
                How many students will chosen for the contest?
                He was made to give the money

                The homeless man was found lying dead on the street

                She wasn’t see to leave the house
                She wasn’t see leaving the house

b. Passive voice with unreal subject “ it” – câu bị động sử dụng chủ ngữ giả

          *     people say that the man is guilty = naïve = innocent
                it’s said that the man is guilty

          *    people say that the man kill the lady
              it’s said that the man……….

          *    people rumored that the criminal was still in puson
                it was rumored that…..

          *     people think that there are some changes in the government’s policy
                it is thought that…..

          *     people rumored that the criminal had escaped
                it was rumored that…………

or passive voice voice with the S of that N.cl

               The man is said to be guilty/have killed the lady
              These are thought to be some changes in the…..
              The criminal was rumored to have escaped
              The criminal was rumored to be still in prison

Note: Chúng ta hoàn toàn có thể sử dụng câu bị động trong hai cách. Tuy nhiên nếu the same tense thì chỉ sử dụng được một cách mà thôi. Một lúc nào đó có thể bạn vẫn cần tới. Đừng quên lưu lại nhé